In PES format, which component expresses the contributing factors behind the problem?

In PES format, which component expresses the contributing factors behind the problem?

• A. Problem
• B. Etiology
• C. Signs & Symptoms
• D. Plan of care

Answer: (B)

Etiology expresses the contributing factors behind the problem. In PES, the problem names the issue, the etiology links it to causes or factors that contribute to it, and the signs and symptoms are the data that define and support the problem. The plan of care comes later as the interventions. So the factor that captures why the problem exists—the causes, risk factors, and mechanisms—is the etiology. For example, a problem like impaired mobility might have an etiology such as postoperative tissue injury, pain, and swelling that limit movement; signs and symptoms would be limited ROM, reluctance to move, and visible swelling, while the plan of care would address pain control, elevation, and mobilization.

Etiology expresses the contributing factors behind the problem. In PES, the problem names the issue, the etiology links it to causes or factors that contribute to it, and the signs and symptoms are the data that define and support the problem. The plan of care comes later as the interventions. So the factor that captures why the problem exists—the causes, risk factors, and mechanisms—is the etiology. For example, a problem like impaired mobility might have an etiology such as postoperative tissue injury, pain, and swelling that limit movement; signs and symptoms would be limited ROM, reluctance to move, and visible swelling, while the plan of care would address pain control, elevation, and mobilization.